Iroquois Theatre Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Iroquois Theater Fire - Research Paper Example Probably the most deplorable flames in the United States in the twentieth century incorporate the Iroquois theater fire in Chicago in 1903, general Slocum wheel vessel fire in 1904 the Ohio State prison fire in 1930, the San Francisco fire in 1909 among other significant flames that caused substantial loss of human lives and devastation. After the fire calamities, the fire and wellbeing experts in the United States have incited different security codes in different zones to shield individuals and property from the up and coming danger of flames. This paper researches the Iroquois theater fire, with unique spotlight on the disappointment of existing code forms at that point, the effect of the fire debacle on the code forms after the occurrence and the ebb and flow code forms. In one cold evening of December 30 1903 in Chicago, around 2000 benefactors a large portion of whom were ladies and kids gathered in the Iroquois theater. Also, around 400 entertainers and stage on-screen characters were stuck in the cellar, behind the stage and changing areas to observe what was clearly an energizing show. The crowd was loaded with expectation in preparation to watch a melodic parody, Mr. Bluebeard. Five weeks preceding the arranging of the music parody, the 1,700 limit Iroquois theater had recently been opened with much energy from people in general and the press (Marshall 1904). As per Marshall (1904, p 27), The Chicago Tribune one of the most legitimate dailies in the city depicted the venue as â€Å"virtual sanctuary of beauty†. Iroquois was the best of all auditoriums that had been built in the United States at that point. It had been extravagantly outfitted with marble and reinforced glass with sumptuous mahogany and ornamentation. The performance center had an astonishing promenade entryway with a sixty feet roof from the floor. A noteworthy trip of flights of stairs rose on the two sides of the theater. At around 3.00pm, the performance center burst into flames and in around fifteen minutes, 602 individuals had kicked the bucket and more than 250 were truly

Social construction of male and female identities

Social development of male and female characters To comprehend sexual orientation examination in a notable setting, it will be essential to begin by characterizing what sex is and sex investigation. Sex alludes to the social development of male and female personalities. It is more than the natural make up of the two genders. It manages how the contrasts among people, regardless of whether genuine or envisioned, are esteemed, utilized and depended upon to order people and to allocate them jobs and desires. The impact of this classification is that the lives and encounters of people happen inside complex arrangements of contrasting social and social desires. Sexual orientation investigation hence looks at the distinctions in mens and womens lives and applies this comprehension to strategy improvement and administration conveyance (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman 2009). Ever, the present comprehension of sexual orientation as a classification of verifiable examination can be followed to the late twentieth - century women's activist political preparation that happened in Europe and the United States which prompted the advancement of the field of womens history both as an item and practice. A significant number of the early ladies history specialists as a rule utilized the class ladies when discussing womens jobs, view of ladies or fantasies about ladies instead of the explanatory language of sex as we probably am aware it today (Parker Aggleton 1998). The majority of these grasped the idea of sexual orientation intently much the same as Gayle Rubins exemplary early detailing that expressed that in each general public, there is a lot of courses of action by which the organic human sex and multiplication is molded by human, social intercession which is really sex (Shepard Walker 2009). Crafted by the women's activists was principally to uncover those s exual orientation frameworks and change their treacheries to ladies. In this setting hence crafted by the womens students of history was to find and bring into the open space such examples previously, to return ladies and their exercises to the authentic record and to bring out manners by which ladies in the past attempted to oppose sexual abuse in the social orders inside which they lived. In spite of the way that qualification among sex and sex stayed basic in women's activist history, its system had numerous pundits particularly among scholars who addressed if physical bodies were not in a manner socially developed and whether they at any point existed separated from socially formed implications about them (Shepard Walker 2009). Early ladies students of history likened sex with sex. This implied the physical body is the thing that they used to arrange sex. This was the bone of dispute with different researchers who appropriately attested that it is oversimplified to liken sexual orientation with sex. Be that as it may, since the field of womens history began in social history, thus in light of the fact that the early womens history didn't truly examine bodies as a memorable subject, a large portion of the early ladies antiquarian didn't face the difficulty of the sex/sex qualification which kept on illuminating the suppositions regarding their work (Shepard Walker 20 09). Guessing about sexual orientation expanded from the 1970s through the 1980s among ladies students of history yet their accentuation was more on the connection of sex to different classifications, all the more so class and male centric society however not on such a great amount on the sex itself. As indicated by Shepard Walker (2009) endeavors of this sort proceeded from multiple points of view to applied sexual orientation, class and other social procedures as unmistakable which made it hard to catch the intricacy and disposition of their brought together procedures in a particular authentic condition. In nonattendance pf a standard meaning of what established sexual orientation, history specialists kept on expounding on sex from the Western social perspective on what comprises sex. Anyway by 1980s different issues had come up that tested this position requiring an increasingly comprehensive methodology. An examination of sex and history has likewise centered around the situation of the lady during expansionism in Africa and somewhere else. The lady was considered first to be a little girl, at that point as a lady lastly as a whore. Any lady who remained alone was viewed as a whore. Ladies were viewed as sheltered when inside the bounds of their home in the open country. Those in towns were generalized as being of free ethics and renegades. Despite the fact that the more full examination of these focuses would follow in the investigations of sex and imperialism of the 1990s, researchers of race and subjection in the Americas and Europe were energetic in calling attention to that the collections of shaded ladies had been socially built to meet the premiums of Europeans since the primary frontier contacts. Still during the 1980s the field of womens history was flourishing. At this point it upheld persuasive diaries in Europe and in the United States. Works in womens history were starting to show up on the arrangements of significant distributers and furthermore in noticeable general chronicled diaries. It was anyway not all blushing. Pundits inside the calling scrutinized the authenticity of the field of ladies history and its specialists. Ladies history was depicted as tight, over-particular and unimportant to the genuinely significant matter of history (Downs 2004). Womens students of history were blamed for attempting to mold their own life dissatisfactions into a regarded field. An additionally binding together idea of sexual orientation liberated from activism may actually give authenticity to the field and its professionals (Shepard Walker 2009). On the off chance that sex could be contended out as a key field of understanding for both all people, at that point sex is a subject of widespread importance. Joan Scottss (1986) article titled Gender: A Useful Concept of Historical Analysis, which showed up on the American Historical Review, December 1986 issue, was written in this political setting. This was a no mean accomplishment for a renowned moderate diary. Scott noticed that the multiplication of contextual investigations in womens history required some integrating viewpoint and the disparity between the high caliber of the work then in womens history and the proceeded with minor status of the field all in all faced up the constraints of distinct methodologies that don't address predominant disciplinary ideas in wording that can shake their capacity and change them. The articles reason for existing was to analyze the ramifications of women's activists developing propensity to utilize sexual orientation as a method of alludi ng to the social association between the genders and to offer a useable hypothetical definition of sex as a classification of authentic investigation. Scott found the women's activist conjecturing of the 1960s and 1970s constrained in light of the fact that they would in general contain reductive or basic speculations that undercut both historys disciplinary feeling of the intricacy of social causation and women's activist responsibilities to investigation that would prompt change (Scott 1986). As indicated by Scott, generally sexual orientation has been utilized as an essential method of connoting relations of intensity (Scott1999). The force being referred to is the intensity of mastery and subjection; differential command over or access to material and representative assets. Accentuation is laid on the distinction as a trait of intensity got from the oppositional binarity of sexual orientation, yet it likewise characterized and restricted the idea of sex which having been characterized couldn't work other than as a vehicle for this force. Ladies in many social orders have been ruled by men. Anyway this suggestion is tested by various non western researchers who contend that not all social orders sorted out based on sex as inferred in crafted by most Western students of history. Oyeronke Oyeyumi (2005), an African Historian from Nigeria is one of them. Oyeyumi contends that Western work on sexual orientation has been and keeps on being distracted with the oppositionally sexed body, which in occupy the class sex and contributes it with an unbending human determinism. This she contends isn't all inclusive yet explicit toward the western societies and history. On the off chance that sexual orientation is socially built, at that point it can't carry on similarly across existence. Along these lines if sexual orientation is a social development there must be a particular time in each culture when it started and subsequently the time before this starting it never existed. In this way sex as a social development is likewise an authentic and social marvel which may apparently hav e not existed in certain social orders. In a comparative view, Ifi Amadiume (1987) censured the utilization of Western sexual orientation idea as a classification for investigating Africa history of sex. She contends that the ethnocentricity of sexual orientation of early women's activist human studies doesn't have a direction on African social orders. To these gatherings she contends the social and social inadequacy of ladies was not flawed. In her work among the Igbo culture in eastern Nigeria, Amadiume identified a sexual orientation framework through which various legendary, social and culture differentiations were explained by a twofold of manly and female. In any case, she likewise established that in this twofold the characteristics related with females didn't really prompt monetary or political subjection of the social gathering ladies and that the social organizations, particularly those of male little girls and female spouses allowed singular females to appreciate those benefits of social positions gendered manly . In the United States, interceding decades have brought forth a rich and growing grant on the historical backdrop of shaded ladies. The shaded slave lady owed his lord and the men his lord had chosen for her sexual favors and regenerative administrations on the work (Gerald, N.G., Billias, G.A 1991). The work composed on the hued lady history is anyway insignificant contrasted with what have been composed on white ladies. Besides a significant part of the work done on shaded ladies despite everything subordinates them inside the historical backdrop of white ladies. This means American history specialists, until as of late, have indicated little enthusiasm for distinguishing contrasts between West African and pioneer Euro-American thoughts of the social and social relations of the male and the female or giving

How to Write an Abstract in APA Format

How to Write an Abstract in APA Format Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print How to Write an APA Abstract By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 08, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Basic APA Format Writing an Abstract Length View All Back To Top APA format is the official style of the American Psychological Association and is used in psychology writing as well as other social sciences. These style guidelines specify different aspects of a documents presentation and layout, including how pages are structured, the organization of references, and how citations are made. This format also stipulates the use of an abstract designed to very briefly summarize the key details contained in a paper without providing too much detail. Why Is an Abstract Important in APA Format? While it is sometimes overlooked or only an afterthought, an abstract is an important part of any academic or professional paper. This brief overview serves as a summary of what your paper contains, so it should succinctly and accurately represent what your paper is about and what the reader can expect to find. Fortunately, by following a few simple guidelines, you can create an abstract that generates interest in your work and help readers quickly learn if the paper will be of interest to them. The Basics of an APA Format Abstract The abstract is the second page of a lab report or APA-format paper and should immediately follow the title page. Think of an abstract as a highly condensed summary of your entire paper. The purpose of your abstract is to provide a brief yet thorough overview of your paper. The APA publication manual suggests that your abstract should function much like your title pageâ€"it should allow the person reading it too quickly determine what your paper is all about. The APA manual states that the abstract is the single most important paragraph in your entire paper. Your abstract is the first thing that most people will read, and it is usually what informs their decision to read the rest of your paper. A good abstract lets the reader know that your paper is worth reading. According to the official guidelines of the American Psychological Association, a good abstract should be: Brief but packed with information. Each sentence must be written with maximum impact in mind.?? To keep your abstract short, focus on including just four or five of the essential points, concepts, or findings.Objective and accurate. The abstracts purpose is to report rather than provide commentary. It should also accurately reflect what your paper is about. Only include information that is also included in the body of your paper.?? How to Write an Abstract First, write your paper. While the abstract will be at the beginning of your paper, it should be the last section that you write. Once you have completed the final draft of your psychology paper, use it as a guide for writing your abstract.Begin your abstract on a new page and place your running head and page number 2 in the top right-hand corner. You should also center the word Abstract at the top of the page.Keep it short. According to the APA style manual, an abstract should be between 150 to 250 words.?? Exact word counts can vary from journal to journal. If you are writing your paper for a psychology course, your professor may have specific word requirements, so be sure to ask. The abstract should also be written as only one paragraph with no indentation.Structure of the abstract in the same order as your paper. Begin with a brief summary of the Introduction, and then continue on with a summary of the Method, Results, and Discussion sections of your paper.Look at other abstracts in professional journals for examples of how to summarize your paper. Notice the main points that the authors chose to mention in the abstract. Use these examples as a guide when choosing the main ideas in your own paper.Write a rough draft of your abstract. While you should aim for brevity, be careful not to make your summary too short. Try to write one to two sentences summarizing each section of your paper. Once you have a rough draft, you can edit for length and clarity.Ask a friend to read over the abstract. Sometimes having someone look at your abstract with fresh eyes can provide perspective and help you spot possible typos and other errors. Things to Consider When Writing an Abstract The format of your abstract also depends on the type of paper you are writing. For example, an abstract summarizing an experimental paper will differ from that of a meta-analysis or case study. For an abstract of an experimental report: Begin by identifying the problem. In many cases, you might begin by stating the question you sought out to investigate and your hypothesis.Describe the participants in the study. State how many participants took part and how they were selected. For example, you might state that In this study, 215 undergraduate student participants were randomly assigned to [the experimental condition] or [the control condition].Briefly describe the study method used. For example, you might identify if you used a within-subjects, between-subjects, or mixed design.Give the basic findings. This is essentially a very brief preview of the results of your paper.  Provide any conclusions or implications of the study. What might your results indicate and what directions does it point to for future research. For an abstract of a meta-analysis or literature review: Describe the problem of interest. In other words, what is it that you set out to investigate in your analysis or review.Explain the criteria that were used to select the studies included in the paper. Realistically, there may be many different studies devoted to your topic. Your analysis or review probably only looks at a portion of these studies. For what reason did you select these specific studies to include in your research?Identify the participants in the studies. Just as in an experimental abstract, you need to inform the reader about who the participants were in the studies. Were they college students? Older adults? How were they selected and assigned?Provide the main results. Again, this is essentially a quick peek at what readers will find when they read your results section. Dont try to include everything. Just quickly provide a very brief summary of your main findings.  Describe any conclusions or implications. What might these results mean and what do they reveal about th e body of research that exists on this particular topic? How Long Should Your Abstract Be? The sixth-edition APA manual suggests that an abstract be between 150 and 250 words. However, they note that the exact requirements vary from one journal to the next. If you are writing the abstract for a class, you might want to check with your instructor to see if he or she has a specific word count in mind. Psychology papers such as lab reports and APA format articles also often require an abstract. In these cases as well, the abstract should include all of the major elements of your paper, including an introduction, hypothesis, methods, results, and discussion. Remember, although the abstract should be placed at the beginning of your paper (right after the title page), you will write the abstract last  after you have completed a final draft of your paper. In order to ensure that all of your APA formatting is correct, consider consulting a copy of the  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. In order to ensure that all of your APA formatting is correct, consider consulting a copy of the  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. A Word From Verywell The abstract may be very brief, but it is so important that the official APA style manual identifies it as the most important paragraph in your entire paper. It may not take a lot of time to write, but careful attention to detail can ensure that your abstract does a good job representing the contents of your paper.   Some more tips that might help you get your abstract in tip-top shape: Look in academic psychology journals for examples of abstracts.Keep on hand a copy of a style guide published by the American Psychological Association for reference.If possible, take your paper to your schools writing lab for assistance.

Essay on Is Working Class Crime a Product of Social...

Working Class Crime is Best Understood as the Product of the Social Background of the Offender To outline and assess this view we will need to look not only at the working class as a sub-culture but also at the other sub-cultures, as a comparison. All sub-cultural theories share the same belief that people who commit crime have different values from the average law abiding citizens. However, these same people associated with crime, do not live in a world with completely different values, they just amend certain values which may justify criminal behaviour, this in turn creates these sub-cultures. Strain is a term that is used to refer to explanations of criminal behaviour that argue that crime is†¦show more content†¦The seconded of these schools was the Strain Theory. In the 1930s, Robert Merton (1938), tried to locate deviance within a functionalist framework. For Merton, crime and deviance were evidence of a poor fit (strain) between the socially accepted goals of society and the socially approved means of obtaining those goals. The resulting strain led to deviance. Merton argued that all societies set their members certain goals, and at the same time they also provide socially approved ways of achieving these goals. Merton was aware that not everyone shared the same goals, and he pointed out that in a stratified society the goals were linked to a persons position in the social structure. Those lower down had restricted goals. The system worked well as long as there was a reasonable chance that a majority of people were able to achieve their goals. However, if the majority of the population wee unable to achieve the socially set goals then they became disenchanted with society and sought out alternative (often deviant) ways of behaving. Merton used Durkheims term anomie, to describe this situation. The following different forms of behaviour then could beShow MoreRelatedOutline and Assess Marxist Explanations of Crime1208 Words   |  5 PagesOutline and assess Marxist explanations of crime Marxist and neo-Marxist approaches and explanations of crime are arguably some of the most controversial, for the reason that they state that it is the ruling class that is responsible for criminalising the working classes, which goes directly against what official statistics and Functionalists believe. However, Marxism and Functionalism do share a similarity in that both believe structures and institutions of society play a very important roleRead MoreAssess the View That Crime and Deviance Are the Product of Labelling Processes.811 Words   |  4 PagesUsing material from Item A and elsewhere assess the view that crime and deviance are the product of labelling processes. Some sociologists believe that the cause of crime and deviance is labelling which is when a label is attached to a person or group of people due to their appearance, sex, ethnicity etc. Labelling theory argues that once this label has been attached it can create a self fulfilling prophecy, which is when the person begins to act according to the label and hence it comes trueRead MoreOutline and Evaluate Marxist Theories on Crime1431 Words   |  6 PagesOutline and assess Marxist explanations of crime and deviance.    In looking at the Marxist explanation of crime and deviance one must also look to the non-sociologist explanations and those of other different groups in order to come to an informed view of the subject.    The non-sociologist definition of crime and deviance would be that deviance is uncommon behaviour, something that offends the morals or the majority of society, without being harmful or serious enough to be criminal. WhereasRead MoreHow Income Inequality Is Hurting America1271 Words   |  6 Pagesinequality is the gap between how much money is made by the rich and everyone else in the nation. It also refers to the unequal distribution of wealth among people in a population. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States has steadily been rising, making it seem as though economic growth is stable (Inequality for All). However, it does not take into account the increasingly widening gap between the 1% and the 99% of the nation’s populationRead MoreExamine the Relationship Between Deviance and Labeling1521 Words   |  7 PagesThis stereotype suggests a white, working class, male as a deviant, making them a ‘suspectà ¢â‚¬â„¢ before they’ve even committed a deviant act. However, whether an act is labelled as deviant depends on who commits the act, where and when it’s committed, and how it is interpreted – and the label the individual is given as a result. Functionalists label the typical criminal as a young, working class male. They then produce theories based on this label to explain this crime, and therefore end up skewed or distortedRead MoreRace, Gender, And Social Class991 Words   |  4 PagesRace, gender, and social class has several implications in the United States and how it shapes policy and perceptions of those who live in poverty. Current welfare systems are not perfect, and capitalistic policies do not work as intended to solve income inequalities. Given this, we will discuss social inequalities and capitalism, the welfare system, and propose two policies that solves welfare, and social and income inequalities. The first key idea from the materials is that social inequities andRead MoreWho Didn t The Pursuit Of Wealth1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe money. They were a part of the leisure class. During the time of the Roaring Twenties society began to form an organization or community. Social class was one of the main conflicts during this time because there was a massive struggle between old and new America. Divisions between high and low culture demonstrated division between classes in Americans. These organizations were divided into the lower, middle, upper and leisure class. The leisure class presented that they didn’t have to do anythingRead MoreAn Evaluation Of The Economic Benefits And Ethical Issues Of Population Control1474 Words   |  6 PagesWorking Title Population control: an evaluation of the economic benefits and ethical issues of population control through the use of eugenics Background The topic of population has been prevalent in the study of economics but particularly since Thomas Malthus published his book ‘Essay on the Principle of Population’ (1798). Malthus was the first economist to propose a systematic theory of population. Malthus proposed in his book that humans grow exponentially whereas the food supply grows atRead MoreSocial Class And Crime And Punishment Essay2193 Words   |  9 PagesSocial class and crime and punishment has always been an issue in the UK if not globally. For the elite, the criminal justice system serves a purpose to deter and prevent crime, but the reality is that the poor are punished for crimes they commit more so than those of a upper class who commit the same crime. The question is who is to blame for this image of the poor being criminals and the working class crime phenomenon, is it the moral Panic created by the media to distract from the reality of theRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto Essay546 Words   |  3 P agesThe Communist Manifesto Karl Marx is living in a world he is not happy with, and seems to think that he has the perfect solution. I am a strong believer in his ideas. We are living in a time period with a huge class struggle. The Bourgroise exploits and the proletariat are being exploited. Marx did not like the way this society was and searched for a solution. Marx looked for â€Å"universal laws of human behavior that would explain and predict the future course of events (36). He saw

Babies Having Babies Essay examples - 2539 Words

Teen pregnancy is a chief setback in the United States. There are drastically more teenage pregnancies in the United States than all other developed countries worldwide (Cloe Moore, 1995). According to, The Complete and Authoritative Guide: Caring for Your Teenager, out of every five women under twenty, two will become pregnant. In 2010, the total number of pregnancies in the United States was 821,810 (84 pregnancies per 1,000 people). Weigh against Canada whose total rate of teen pregnancies for 2010 was 38,600 (38 pregnancies per 1,000 people). Many other western industrialized countries, such as Sweden and France, have even lower teen pregnancy rates than Canada. When compared to other countries, it’s easy to understand why the United†¦show more content†¦Gabriel Ralley further proves that the â€Å"appeal of welfare† is not the cause of teen pregnancies. Ralley says, â€Å"The five states with the highest rates of unmarried teenage pregnancy offer welfare payments that are of the seven lowest in the country† (pg#). Liberals consider socioeconomic status as a factor in teen pregnancy; however they wish to stop blaming the youth. Liberals understand that it is time to examine why some teens want to become parents. When teens do not see a successful future for themselves, getting pregnant is not such a bad option. Some factors to consider about teen pregnancy are a perception of unachievable goals, and a lack of educational and professional prospects, both prevailing in poor communities. â€Å"Dash concluded that child-rearing provides a tangible economic and psychological asset for black teens whose future prospects are bleak.† There are more African Americans living in extreme poverty than Latinos and Whites (Ralley, pg#). In the journal article, Internal Poverty and Teen Pregnancy,† the life options model is proposed. The life options model suggests that, â€Å"If disadvantaged youths do not perceive that door s are open to them, it is perhaps difficult for them to see teen pregnancy as closing any doors.† (Young, Sue Martin, 2001) Young, Sue Martin (2001) examined adolescent females’Show MoreRelatedEssay on Babies Having Babies1538 Words   |  7 PagesBabies Having Babies Even though the teen pregnancy and birth rates have dropped by one-third over the past decade, teen pregnancy in the United States is a growing problem. According to data by the National Center for Health Statistics and other official data, one in three girls still become pregnant by the age of twenty (Brown lines 1-3). In the United States one million adolescent girls become pregnant every year causing the U.S. to be the leader of the developed world in teen pregnancy. OneRead MoreThe Process Of Having A Baby982 Words   |  4 PagesThe Process of Having a Baby Having a baby is a wonderful event and the process is even better. To know that life comes from two people engaging in one activity is mind-blowing. Life then grows inside of a woman for nine months, where the baby is nurtured and breathes life through their mother. Then the mother goes into labor followed by delivery. After delivery, the woman can now hold the baby that grew inside of her. The process of having a baby is very beautiful. There are several aspects andRead MoreThe Cost Of Having A Baby2224 Words   |  9 Pages The Cost of Having a Baby Tiffany Jones November 16, 2014 HCM 615 Health Care Finance Dr. Donald S. Bradyâ€Æ' There are many things in life are great gifts, and being a parent is one. Getting the news that you are expecting a child is a speechless moment. It is a very joyful occasion and everyone is happy about what to expect over the next nine months. Baby names start flowing and in every magazine you are looking at outfits and furniture and things of that nature. But has anyone stopRead MoreHaving a Healthy Baby Essays487 Words   |  2 PagesHaving a Healthy Baby Having a healthy baby starts way before you are ready to get pregnant. Any women in baby producing years, around twenty to thirty, should be taking care of themselves now. Whether they plan on having a child or might in the future. If they are sexually active and in this age range, then there is the possibility of getting pregnant. Even women on birth control should be following precautions. What does that mean? Every women should be taking some kind of multivitaminRead MoreOlder Women Having Babies Essay647 Words   |  3 Pagesher medical condition needs to be monitored more closely. Older women having babies can cause complications before, during, and after birth, leading to a higher risk of miscarriages, chromosomal disorder, and Down syndrome. â€Å"A miscarriage — in medical terms also called a spontaneous abortion — is the unplanned end of a pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation.† ( The Thinking Woman’s Website For Conception, Pregnancy, Birth and Baby) It is not uncommon for a woman to miscarry or have more than one miscarriageRead MoreEssay The Extreme Joy and Expense of Having a Baby1695 Words   |  7 PagesIslamic banking is a structure that allows conducting banking activities and trades in line with the Islamic Shari’ah laws and principles by avoiding all the haram (prohibited) activity such as interest and financing prohibited businesses. An Islamic financial institution such as financial banking has been established before two or three decades ago in the aim to provide satisfactory financial facilities to the interested parties as compared to conventional banks. In 1974 Dubai Islamic bank whichRead MoreHaving a Baby Through Assisted Reproductive Technology Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages Conceiving a baby can be easy for some couples and difficult for others. In fact, some couples can do so naturally and others may need some professional help or even to the point where adoption is the only possibility available. When given the option of professional help, we need to look at the big picture and think about the moral, immoral and ethical part of this delicate subject. However, while it may be difficult for some couples to conceive a baby, there are many methods that can possiblyRead MoreEnvironmental Contaminants And Its Effects On Children1630 Words   |  7 PagesParents of newborns have a million things on their m inds when it comes to taking care of and protecting their babies. Feeding them, making sure they don’t fall, and trying to keep them from getting sick are just a few of the many overwhelming outside influences that could affect a babies wellbeing. Unfortunately, for many parents, there are several dangerous substances that could have a detrimental effect on a newborn’s health. These pathogens hide in our homes, water sources and our air. InfantsRead MoreThe Vs. Formula For Infants Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pages Boobies Vs Formula When a woman delivers a baby, she has many questions to think about, like what shots to give them, where the baby should sleep, and what type of diapers they should use. One of the hardest decisions a new mother has to make is whether or not to breastfeed their baby. For years, mothers have been debating what would be more beneficial for the baby, breastfeeding or formula. â€Å"Several health organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American MedicalRead MoreWomen Should Be A Breastfeeding Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesis essential that infants are getting human milk for at least the first six months of life. It comes down ultimately to the woman s choice. However, women should invest in breastfeeding because there are positive short and long-term effects for the baby, as well as maternal benefits. So what are some of the short-term effects associated with breastfeeding an infant? Well, there are many. Breastfed infants are known to have fewer cases of ear infections, gastrointestinal infections, urinary infections

How are social change and changes in knowledge linked Free Essays

It will then proceed by discussing aspects of social change in history, in particular how changes after the 2nd world war challenged old and traditional systems of knowledge. In this discussion this essay will focus on two dominant systems of knowledge, medicine and religion, and in what way the changing role of women in society has challenged these knowledge systems. With regard to religion this essay will also discuss the development of new age beliefs in today’s society with relevance to the question is religion in decline? This essay will aim to use relevant examples in this discussion in order to reach a conclusion of the link between social change and changes in knowledge in our society. We will write a custom essay sample on How are social change and changes in knowledge linked? or any similar topic only for you Order Now So lets begin by answering the question what is knowledge? ‘All knowledge is produced, collected, collated and disseminated by human beings living in societies.’ (Goldblatt 2000). It is inherited through the language we learn in our daily lives. We use many different sources of knowledge in order to understand where we Come from, who we are and the society within we live it shapes what we know and what we don’t know. It is the social structures and institutions within society, which shape the content of knowledge systems, be it in medicine, religion, the political ideologies and so on. They decide who holds the power in within these knowledge systems.’ They determine, for example, who has access to specialized knowledge languages (like medical training) and who has socially sanctioned and legal authority to make pronouncements on a given subject.'(Goldblatt 2000). Aside from specialized or expert knowledge there is also a different type of knowledge known as common sense knowledge. This is knowledge, which we all inherit or learn from family and friends, or acquire through outside influences accessible to us such as media or the Internet. It helps us understand or gain alternative knowledge on issues such as our health for example. It often comes in the shape of old wives tales, which have been passed down through generations. The dominant knowledge systems such as medicine religion and so on are not fixed however and when social change occurs, they are forced to respond to these changes, and in consequence it is also knowledge that can then influence change in society and determine how we live our lives. Throughout history society has seen many radical changes within its dominant knowledge systems. We have witnessesed major advances in scientific research, medicine, changes in ‘traditional’ religious beliefs and challenges to the dominant political ideologies, particularly following the Second World War. One of the foremost debates today is whether or not there has been a decline in the trust of expert knowledge within all aspects of society. There have always been experts with specialized knowledge even in ancient times. However years ago experts in their field be it science, medicine or religion were always trusted their knowledge was respected and believed as true, scientists, doctors, priests and the like. Although they were never completely unchallenged the authority of their knowledge was secure. However it could be argued that at this time people had no way of acquiring the knowledge to know any different and had no reason to challenge the experts. In time however new discoveries in science, medicine, and with new communication technology evolving all the time in all aspects of society, allowed people much more access to alternative knowledge and information. With this new knowledge people began to ask questions and have their say regarding issues of importance to them. Also new experts were emerging all the time to challenge old knowledge systems. ‘Debates that were once confined to a small circle of influential figures and institutions within each of these traditions are now amplified through the enormously expanded means of communication that now exists’ (Goldblatt 2000) It could be fair to argue then that it is not so much that there has been a decline in the trust of experts but that the old and traditional and trusted knowledge systems have become more diverse due to the emerge of alternate forms of knowledge within society, for example, alternative medicine, new political ideologies and so on. Following the 2nd world war feminism had a huge impact for women in all spheres of society. Science, medicine and religion, had largely been dominated by men throughout history. Women had been pretty much excluded from all these dominant knowledge systems. It was men who held superior patriarchy power within all aspects of society. This allows us then to not only question and discuss gendered knowledge but to also look at the interrelation between knowledge and power within these knowledge systems. Lets look at the at a feminist approach adopted by Fox Keller, with relevance to women’s place within medical science. She argues that knowledge production is gendered and shaped by patriarchy within social structures in society. ‘Modern science †¦ is based on a division of emotional and intellectual labour in which objectivity, reason and mind are cast as male and subjectivity, feeling and nature are cast as female. Science involves a radical separation of subject and object and ultimately the domination of mind over nature. The result is a popular conception of science – one that is more suited to men than women’. (Fox Keller). An example of this is the Royal Society founded by Charles II in1662. It was argued that the knowledge produced within this society was because of its ‘gentlemanly origins. They saw the importance of objective knowledge over subjective knowledge within the field of science and medicine. Women’s knowledge at this time was ‘devalued and relegated to folk medicine’ (Thompson and woodward 2000). It was due to the fact that women were excluded from higher education and therefore unable to attend medical universities, hence were unable to enter the medical field without training. ‘Power over Knowledge was used to maintain a structure in which women were systematically excluded from a male medical monopoly’ (Thompson and Woodward) Today however, due largely to the emerge of feminism, women now have equality with men in the medical profession, and other dominant knowledge systems such as religion. As with medicine religion too was dominated by the patriarchy power within society. In fact it wasn’t until 1992 that women were finally accepted into the priesthood. In contemporary society women have challenged the patriarchy of old and traditional religious beliefs in favour of new understanding of religion and what it means for them. Many women now focus on a more spiritual beliefs, one movement dedicated to this is that of eco-feminism. ‘Eco-feminism is a new term for an ancient wisdom. As women in various movements – ecology, peace, feminist and especially health – rediscovered the independence and connectedness of everything, they also discovered what was called spiritual dimension of life – the realization of this interconnectedness was itself sometime called spirituality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.The desire to recover, to regenerate [this] wisdom as a means to liberate women and nature from patriarchal destruction also motivated this turning towards spirituality.'(Mies and Shiva, 1997, p,500). So it is fair to argue that due to social change brought about by the emerge of feminism women have challenged both gendered knowledge and the power of knowledge in medicine and religion. The rise of Eco-feminism however is just one of the many alternative or new age beliefs within religion today. Which begs the question of religion in contemporary society and whether it is in decline. Or could it be that as with the knowledge system of medicine or expert knowledge in general, religion has become so diverse due to social change and the emerge of alternative religious beliefs brought about because of these changes. Religion has changed significantly throughout history. Following the emerge of the Royal Society and the intellectual movement throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, known as ‘The Age of Reason’, (Enlightenment), it was argued that ‘Science replaced religion as the dominant source of knowledge'(Woodward and Watt 2000) However religion has always played an important role for people within society due to the fact that unlike scientific knowledge it is religion, which helps us make sense of the moral issues that, can affect us in our daily lives. Social scientists debate into the question is religion in decline is known as the secularization thesis. Some argue that it is modernization, which is a threat to traditional religious thinking by citing new age beliefs as being responsible for this. Some argue that people now fill their time with other leisure activities instead. It is also argued that other forms of thought have taken over religion such as science for example. The fact also that the UK is now a multicultural society means there are many diverse forms of religion apart from the church of England. There are two main approaches in this debate positivist, whose approach is based on observing peoples behaviour toward religion. They use quantitative evidence such as questionnaires and surveys, which is argued may be limiting. The interpretative approach however would argue humans cannot be observed in the same way as objects. There aim is understand what religion or people’s beliefs mean to them and aim to explore those meanings from different perspectives. It can be argued that religion in contemporary society has become a significantly diverse knowledge system. Ethnic beliefs, women’s challenge to patriarchal religion and the emerge of new age beliefs, be it alternative medicine or green issues have meant that the traditional Church of England the dominant form of religion any more. So in conclusion then this essay began by defining what is knowledge. It then proceeded by questioning expert knowledge with regard to social change. It then focused on two dominant knowledge systems medicine and religion and discussed how the emerge of feminism challenged the knowledge systems. Lastly it discussed briefly the role of religion in contemporary society and questioned whether it is in decline and the relevance of women’s, ethnic and new age beliefs. It is fair to argue that the discussion in this essay does conclude that there is a significant link, not only between social change and knowledge but knowledge and social change. How to cite How are social change and changes in knowledge linked?, Papers

Sense and Essay free essay sample

Copy down at least three descriptions that connect to at least three of the following senses: a. visualb. tastec. hearingd. touch e. smell 3. Write down the author’s main point. Actually copy his main point from the essay so I can see that you see his thesis. 4. What are five words (diction) that you find interesting that the author uses to describe anything in the essay? Explain each word in a sentence that tells me why you think the word is interesting. 5. Why does the author compare the farm to a boat? Why do you like this or not. Explain in two sentences. . Explain why you would or would not like to be a part of the scene the author describes. Provide one quote/description that you like and explain why you like it. OR provide one quote/description you dislike, explain why you dislike it, and then rewrite it so that it is better in your opinion. We will write a custom essay sample on Sense and Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7. Then write a descriptive essay that models â€Å"Summer Wind† using ONE of the following two prompts. The essay should be at least ONE page long.   Writing Prompt One: Think of a force of nature that you have experienced. Write your own essay that completely describes the scene and how it affected you. Possible suggestions are these: a. An ice stormb. A floodc. A tornadod. A hurricane e. A riptide in the oceanf. A thunderstormg. A snowstormh. A heat wave Writing Prompt Two: The author of â€Å"Summer Wind† describes a quiet day in the life of his farm that he both enjoys and savors. Think about your own experiences and a quiet day that gave you pleasure. When finished with the essay, complete the following procedure with your essay: 1. Circle the images/descriptions that appeal to EACH of the five senses and label each sense visual, hearing, taste, touch, or smell. 2. Underline the main point you are trying to make in your essay; that is, underline the one sentence or two that tells me what you want to say or mean in your essay, the thesis. Name:_______________________________Date:________________Period:____ 0th Grade Literature and Composition (Periods 1, 3, 4, 6 7) Write the following assignment on loose leaf paper and then staple it to this sheet. This assignment needs to be completed by the end of the period. Carefully read the essay titled â€Å"Retreat into the iWorld† and answer the questions below: 1. Where does the author use a â€Å"story† or personal narrative? Where does the author get personal about his life? Copy down the first three words of the sentence of where he begins to do so and copy down the last three words of where the â€Å"story† ends. 2. Copy down the main point of the essay, Technology promises to make our lives easier, freeing up time for leisure pursuits. But the rapid pace of technological innovation and the split-second processing capabilities of computers that can work virtually nonstop have made all of us feel rushed. We have adopted the relentless pace of the very machines that were supposed to simplify our lives, with the result that, whether at work or play, people do not feel like their lives have changed for the better. Adapted from Karen Finucan, Life in the Fast Lane Assignment: Do technological changes that make our lives easier not necessarily make them better? Two pages. Prompt Two Many rare inventions or technical devices have drawbacks, major and minor. Think about an electronic device or innovation that is now available. Choose one and analyze its positive and negative effects. Once you have thought about both the positive and negative effects, choose a side for the following question: â€Å"Technology: harmful or helpful? You decide† Now write your essay, two pages. Some suggested technological products are camera phones, iPods, iPhones, chat rooms, blogs, digital cameras, DVD’s, cell phone ring tones, etc†¦

Writing with a Lens an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Writing with a Lens The message of the short story titled "A Clean, Well-lighted place" by Ernest Hemingway is that with age comes a better understanding of the troubles of others. The story centers on the opposing reactions of two waiters of different age groups towards a troubled old man who seek a nightly refuge in a clean and well-lighted cafe. The old man visits the clean and well-lighted cafe every night to drink. The cafe had been his source of nightly refuge from his troubles possibly because it is comforting and peaceful so that it is good for easing the knots of confusion on his head, unlike the bars that have blazing light and noisy music. In this way, he can drink his troubles away peacefully. Meanwhile, the younger waiter resents the fact that the old man stays too long in the cafe, forcing him to go home at 3:00 o'clock in the morning and delaying the time for him to be with his wife. He told the old man, perhaps out of resentment or irritation rather than ill will, that he should have kil led himself last week (for he had known that the old man almost committed suicide). The younger waiter, however, could not comprehend why the old man should kill himself when he had plenty of money. Obviously, he believed that money is enough reason to make one desire to live in this world. The older waiter however, is sympathetic towards the old man for he himself had started to feel the emptiness or nothingness of life. He had not shared with the younger waiter's sentiment that the old man had no reason to take his own life because he had plenty of money. It is safe to assume that with his age, he had already seen so much of life that his perspectives on life are so much different now than he was younger. He had admired the younger waiter's youth and confidence, two qualities that can make any man hopeful about life. He recognized that it is not the presence or absence of money that matters now, but the inner conflict of the soul had plunged the old man to despair so that he wants to shorten his rather ironically long life. Need essay sample on "Writing with a Lens" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Meanwhile, the critical essay titled "Who is American" by Eric Foner allows me to read the text differently. This essay is about the changing concept of American identity in American history. The problem of defining American citizenship or "Americaness" lays on its "inclusive" and "exclusive" ideas of who should be an American (Foner, 186). The difficulty arose because of the presence of many diverse groups of people (with its own unique physical characteristics and culture) in American soil that seeks to enjoy the rights and privileges accorded in American citizenship. However, conflicts arise because of the differing views held by the groups of people involved: for example, the white had a notion for racial superiority; they reasoned that blacks are by nature inferior who could not subject it own passions to its intellect. The Whites therefore, of European descent, should be the only ones that are worthy to be recognize as the true American. However, this concept had been challenge d by the supposed "inferior" races and their advocates through succeeding generations in American history. What is striking to note is that the change of the concept, of who should be included and excluded as American, is being influenced by the unique circumstances and experiences that American people faced throughout their history and until now the act of defining, or fixing the boundaries of inclusion or exclusions, of who should be an American continues to become a challenge. The unique circumstance and experiences of the Americans (for example, the Civil war that challenges the American ideals of equality and democracy, the expansion of American territories and America's view that they are the protector of the world) throughout history had lent different forms and shapes to those boundaries, sometimes expanding and at other times decreasing its limitations, so that success in fixing specific rights to groups of people had become elusive. In fact, Foner had predicted that even w ith the widely accepted modern approach to cultural pluralism or multicultural recognition of American society, the Americans of the twenty first century will continue to have a political and social struggle as diverse groups of people asserts its worth to be recognized as "American"( Foner , 186- 195). What this critical essay established is that life is a continuous battle, of winning and losing and this victories and defeats are largely dictated by the fact that man is changeable or evolving, that is, what is true or right to him today may not be true or right for him tomorrow. As man moves through life, his perspectives changes. These changes are largely influenced by his own unique experiences which are a mixture of lights and shadows (an application of old and new ideas to its fixed goals through time which are either beneficial or dangerous to him), of victories and defeats in his own lifetime as he struggles to find his worth. Therefore, in relating the concepts of this essay to the story, this enforces what I had first assumed what Hemingway may be trying to say in the story, on why the two waiters had differing reactions to the old man. Indeed the unique experiences of man placed him in a better position to understand the troubles of others. The advocacy for inclusion and exclusion to American citizenship had oftentimes raised sentiments and advocacy based on particular circumstances by others and in the same manner, the particular experiences of nothingness of the older waiter had made him sympathetic to the despair of the old man. However, age may not be a guarantee for understanding or becoming sympathetic with the troubles of others. As with the history for defining who is an American, there are times when the boundaries had expanded and then later decreased depending again on particular circumstances. In fact, the history of American citizenship is "a complex story in which gains are made and lost, rights are expanded and sometimes revoked and ideas long since discredited rise like ghost to haunt later generations"( Foner, 195). Therefore, feelings of sympathy towards the troubles of others may be based on immediate circumstances and not with age alone. This brings to my mind that the younger waiter had actually "did not wish to be unjust, he was only in a hurry" (Hemingway,). More importantly, the essay had enabled me to place a significant meaning to a "clean and well-lighted place " in the story unlike earlier where I only find its significance as an appropriate place to untangle all the troubles away. In the essay, the efforts for defining what an American is becomes the guiding fixed goal for the establishment of the worth of any diverse groups in American soil. However, before arriving at an agreeable identification of who is a true American, some factors, such as differing views and ideas had to be "wiped" clean. Otherwise, protest and wars will arise. In like manner, clean and light carries the same symbolic meaning in the story. "Well-lighted" symbolizes the fixed meaningful goals of man. A good lighting is a symbol of a worthy cause that serves to keep man on the right path of life, and it must be a balance cause, as for a good lighting consisted of shadows as well as light. Yet to reach those goals, man had to wipe some "bad, mistakes or failure s" in his past or life. The desire, therefore, for both the old man and the older waiter to seek refuge in a clean and well-lighted cafe, is a desire to clean their acts so that they will find their right path towards a meaningful life again. As a conclusion, I can say therefore that the use of critical essay had helped me find depth in the story. At first, I only see that Hemingway's message was to inform the reader that with age people had differing reactions to the troubles of others. The older the man, the more sympathetic he is. This is largely due to the fact that with age comes many experiences. However, although the critical essay supports the idea that man is prone to changes in perspectives based on his experiences, age may not be the ultimate factor for sympathy. The immediate circumstances that man finds himself may be the greatest contributory factor to his reactions to the troubles of others. Furthermore, the essay had helped me to place a more meaningful significance of the "well-lighted and clean cafe" in the story. Originally, I have concluded that a clean and well-lighted place is suitable for troubled people because it is comforting and peaceful, however, with the critical essay I have come to believe that a "well-lighted" and "clean" cafe is a symbol of a balanced human goal and the need for man to "clean" whatever is necessary to achieve those goals, respectively. However, both the critical essay and the primary text do not provide me any information on who the old man really was and what was exactly his problem. The old man was not ordinary for "he was clean.. . and drinks without spilling". (Hemingway,). However, his problem was indeed weighty and it is incredible that he wished to shorten his rather ironically long life through suicide. If the identity and problem of the old man is revealed, then it will probably change my interpretations of Hemingway's message. Moreover, the inability to disclose the identity and problem of man does not satisfy my curiosity as a reader. Works Cited Foner, Eric. "Who is an American?" Reading for Writing Analytically. Hemingway, Ernest. A Clean, Well-lighted Place.

DBQ on the Causes of the French Revolution Essay Example

DBQ on the Causes of the French Revolution Essay Example DBQ on the Causes of the French Revolution Essay DBQ on the Causes of the French Revolution Essay Change is feared. It is frequently heard that people merely fear alteration. Sometimes. nevertheless. thats non ever true. Some claim that they fear the alteration. when they simply like the manner things are and refuse to see things in another manner. When discontent spreads throughout the bulk of the population of French. a forced radical war is the lone manner to convert that alteration is necessary. Three chief things contributed to this desire for alteration. and those include revenue enhancements excessively unbearable to pay and last. thoughts promoting alteration that were inspired by the Enlightenment. and the success of the American Revolution. Before the Revolution. France was divided socially in a construction known as the Old Regime. It consisted of three estates. The First Estate was the clergy. who owned 10 per centum of the land but comprised of merely one per centum of the population. The Second Estate. with aristocracy. included two per centum of the population but owned 35 per centum of the land. The largest was the Third Estate. which was made up of the in-between category. provincials. and metropolis workers. owned merely 55 per centum of the land but made up 97 per centum of the population ( Doc. 2 ) . The Third Estate was taxed in utmost proportions so much so that staff of life. which was a necessity and the base of all repasts. became really hard to pay and obtain. It was going progressively hard to last on so small ( Doc 1 ) . However. the first two Estates lived easy with no revenue enhancements. Even the middle class. the in-between category. became every bit affluent as the predating Estate. but because of where they were born. they were still burdened by revenue enhancements. This led to restlessness in the Third Estate. Since they comprised most of France. they joined together and planned a rebellion. However. it is impossible to ramp in and anticipate changes without a program. To fix for this. the thoughts from the Enlightenment helped to change the way France was taking. After newly coming from this new age of thought and analytical surveies. the in-between category could easy utilize the thoughts of authorities. economic system. and societal construction to command a fluctuation ( Doc. 4 ) . One chief subscriber to the Enlightenment was Monsieur Rousseau. He believed in the will of the bulk ; that is. the majority of a group determines the concluding result. This appealed to the Third Estate because they did do up the greater portion of France. It was a good theory to them. Another subscriber to the Enlightenment was John Locke. He believed that all people are born with three natural rights: life. autonomy. and belongings. No affair what category a individual was born into. these rights should non be taken off. If the regulating system abuses these rights. so the people have a right to subvert the authorities. Halfway across the Earth. another revolution was taken antecedently. That was the one of settlements. known as the American Revolution. The settlements at that place. excessively. were upset by the heavy load of revenue enhancements and their deficiency of say in the affair. This applied to the Gallic Third Estate. every bit good. After the underdogs of America eventually pulled from behind and conquered the almighty Great Britain. this led to inspiration of another Revolution ( Doc. 5 ) . That flicker was used as a motivational tool to subvert the lumbering French governmental system. The win in the American settlements encouraged the Gallic to make the same. The first two Estates failed to see the job with the affair. and they were non at all pleased to be overshadowed by their ain people. With the disgruntled First and Second Estates strained to contend one time once more. this clip against their ain people. alteration was brewing. and it could be seen in the eyes of all. Armed with the choler against the heavy. intolerable revenue enhancements. the glare of the enlightened thoughts. and the assurance from the American Revolution. the Third Estate prepared to conflict and seek the transmutation they so urgently desired.

International Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Business Law - Assignment Example The overall importance of WTO is critical regarding establishing a link between trade and environment because it is the single most important document which governs the international trade. The growing debate therefore is focused upon the potential role of WTO in clearly establishing a link between global trade and environment. Prescription of different standards as well as the framework therefore is one of the key tasks which WTO has to perform in order to comprehensively establish the link between the two. This paper will discuss the linkages between trade and environment and how it has remained on of the important challenges for international business law. This paper will also discuss as to what steps by WTO during last decade to properly address this issue within the perspective of international trade. Environment and international trade Trade is considered as beneficial for the society and the economy and its liberalization can actually help any society to achieve greater econom ic resources. It is critical to understand however that with increased trade and production processes, the overall pace of economic degeneration can expedite and the results can be both negative as well as positive. Environment can be protected if cleaner technologies are implemented which involve less energy consumption besides relying more on labor intensive techniques. The environment can also be damaged because growth in production process requires more energy and raw materials and hence more environmental de-gradation can take place. There is therefore a nexus between environment and international trade and how expansion of international trade can actually result into both the protection as well as degradation of environment. (Charnovitz, 2007.) Serious efforts to actually integrate concerns for environment and international trade started during 1970s and as a result of this growing debate, an international conference in Stockholm took place to debate on the future course of de fining how international trade agreements can actually affect the businesses with significant potential to damage environment. Prior to this conference, GATT undertook a study on its own behalf to determine and explore the impact of environmental protection policies on international trade. In same year, Environmental Measures and International Trade Group was established however, it remained inactive for more than two decades and it was only in during 1992 that this group was convened by members. (Charnovitz, 2007.) Subsequent legislative efforts include Tokyo round and Uruguay round went on to establish different standards and kick started the process of integrating international trade with that of the environment protection. There was also growing concerns among developing countries regarding the export of those products which were considered as environmentally damaging with serious safety and health related issues. The overall debate was therefore based upon the argument that fre e trade has an impact on the environment and that higher levels of free trade can further result into damage to the environment. (Charnovitz, 2007.) The recent efforts however by WTO clearly outline the way the nexus between free trade and environment. Though WTO

Accounts Receivable Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounts Receivable - Research Paper Example If such settlement is made between the company and its customers, the amount owed to the company by the customer is shown in a separate account known as account receivable. This accounts help in establishing long-term relationships between a customer and a company. However, account receivable is usually opened in the case of the customers only whose credit risk is above a certain criteria and whose past history with the company is good. The account receivables are also opened in a case where sale is made or service is provided, the invoice has been raised against the customer but the amount has not yet been received as the money is in the course of transit. This may be the case where the money is in transit, that is, in transit if sent through a banking channel or in transit in the route of courier. The sale and revenue is recorded as soon as the invoice is raised against a certain transaction. The invoice is sent to the customer who, after receiving the invoice, sends money to the company. Even if no settlement in respect of deferring the payment has been made between the company and the customer, some time may lapse between the course of the procedure. During this period, the company opens an account against the customer known as account receivable in which the amount owed by the customer is shown. Accounts receivables are shown in the Balance Sheet as a separate head of account in the current assets. The movements in account receivable are made through the payments received and the sales made or the services provided in respect of which payment has not been yet received. The balance is shown in the balance sheet. It may also happen that some of the account receivables are gone bad in the period, such as the customer has gone into liquidation. In such a case, the money owed by the customer or a portion thereof will be written off by charging an expense in the profit and loss account as a

Detailed Analysis Of Silent Hill Two Media Essay

Detailed Analysis Of Silent Hill Two Media Essay Silent Hill 2 is a 2001 survival horror/puzzle game released for the playstation 2 by Konami. It is the sequel to the first Silent Hill game released in 1999 for the original playstation. Silent Hill 2 is seen by many as landmark game, which capitalised on elements of game design previously ignored or seen as of secondary importance. It is difficult to categorise the appeal of Silent Hill 2, as at first glance its gameplay could appear primitive or certainly repetitive, while its subject matter and storyline are nothing new to the horror genre. To put it in more prosaic terms Silent Hill 2 is very much more than the sum of its parts, and this makes it a particularly interesting candidate for in depth analysis. For the greatest part of this essay I will refer to the game via the shorthand reference: SH2. Gameplay in SH2 revolves around a mixture of puzzle solving and simple combat. As the main protagonist progresses through the town of Silent Hill, he must fight various monsters using a variety of weapons. These range from a simple plank to a hunting rifle. In keeping with the survival horror nature of the game, ammunition is quite scarce as are the supplies necessary for healing, and individual enemies can take significant time and effort to kill. The player will find him/herself conserving ammunition for the stronger enemies and bosses, and thus any encounter with a monster brings with it a sense of trepidation and anxiety. Even the least powerful of the monsters becomes formidable if the players health and ammo is low, and he/she is forced to use the wooden plank. This is compounded by the fact that the enemies in SH2 are extremely resistant to damage and take a considerable time to kill outright (though they may be knocked to the ground for a temporary immobilisation). All of the se elements combine to nurture a sense of extreme reluctance to progress through the towns environs, and help create a fear of the unknown path ahead. Unfortunately the game fails to find the right balance between challenge and enjoyability with its combat. Defeating the monsters in Silent Hill is far more tedious than it is gripping. There is far too little variety in the methods of attack and too much time is required to kill each one that soon combat becomes a slow and repetitive affair of repeatedly swinging the iron bar at low powered enemies in order to conserve ammo. Furthermore once an enemy locks into combat with the player, it no longer becomes necessary to reposition the main character, resulting in gameplay requiring no more input than holding down the attack button. There is no heads up display in SH2, and the player must access the start menu to see how much ammo or health remains. When the player has taken excessive damage the playstation controller will subtly vibrate alerting him/her to the condition they are in. This merely adds to the frustrating nature of the combat in SH2, as no clear indication of how much damage can be taken against an enemy is ever given. This results in the player frequently dying while fighting the numerous minor enemies, even with plenty of health packs in reserve. Attacks given and received in combat are accompanied by a vibration of the controller which masks the warning vibrations when close to death and further jeopardises health management. This is a grave shortcoming which detracts from the rather well designed puzzle element of SH2. Puzzles range from fairly untaxing instances of collecting and combining items to extremely cryptic riddles requiring a good deal of thought to solve. The riddles show imagination in their intricacy and leave the player with a sense of achievement for having solved them. Unfortunately instances of these riddles are far less frequent than the occurrence of monsters in silent hill. SH2 is the story of James Sunderland, a man looking for his deceased wife after receiving a letter from her which says that she is waiting for him in the town of Silent Hill, a place where they used to holiday when she was alive. James wife was named Mary, and he begins the game with a photograph of her along with the letter signed by her in his inventory. The game begins with James having driven to Silent Hill only to find the entrance road blocked. He stops at a highway toilet , examines his own reflection in the bathroom mirror, reads the letter from his wife again and decides to enter the town on foot. James commences walking through the woods. The games atmosphere is established early on by thick fog and strange disconcerting noises as he makes his way. James eventually comes upon a graveyard and we are introduced to the games first non-playable character: Angela. As James finds her she is sitting among the tombstones. The conversation between the two seems disjointed. This sets the tone for the dialogue in the game. Much of what Angela says makes little sense, James asks her questions but she seems incapable of giving him a straight answer, as though her thoughts are not fully in the present. We gather enough from what she says to learn that she is looking for her mama in Silent Hill. At a later point in the game we learn that Angela had an abusive childhood and that this has left her with a desire to end her own life. Her father was killed (it seems likely by Angela), and the family home burned down. James proceeds to enter the town proper. Everything is covered in a thick fog. The town looks for the most part normal except that it is utterly deserted and the cars, signage, and architecture have an outdated feel. We soon meet our first enemy- a non descript grotesque humanoid shape which James dispatches with the aid of a wooden plank. Soon James finds himself in an apartment building. The building is in an appalling state of repair, displaying many signs of decay with walls stained horribly with rust, mildew and blood. Here we meet our second character, Eddie. The room we find Eddie in does not display such advanced decay. Eddie is in the process of vomiting into the toilet when we meet him, and the body of a human can be seen in the kitchen unit. This is not overly remarkable in light of the monsters roaming the apartment, but Eddie is instantly defensive in his conversation with James, and his frequent uncalled for denials that he murdered the man in the kitchen lead us to suspect that he in fact did. It is noteworthy that Eddie never mentions the monsters, which would conveniently explain the body. Eddie appears to be a man of limited intelligence- coarse, with a cruel side to his nature. When James finds his way out of the apartment he discovers a little girl named Laura wandering the streets by herself. Laura tells James that she shared a ward with Mary in the hospital during Marys illness. This strikes James as highly suspect, Mary was supposed to have died three years ago, when Laura would have been very young indeed. He tries to question Laura on the matter but just like the previous conversations with Angela and Eddie, it bears little fruit. James continues on towards Rosewater Park, one of the places which would fit Marys description of a special place from her letter. Instead of Mary James meets a woman who calls herself Maria. James is astounded at Marias appearance, as she looks almost identical to his dead wife Mary. Their personalities are less similar however; Mary is extraverted and bawdy whereas Mary was reserved and ladylike. Maria is dressed in a suggestively low cut outfit with a mini skirt and an incident later on in Heavens Night strip club infers that she works as a stripper. Maria says she doesnt know Mary and takes James confusing of the two women badly. It is significant that James should meet Maria in the place he expected Mary, not to mention the similarities in appearance. Maria resolves to join James in his search for Mary. After an episode in the hospital Maria is violently killed on front of James by a sinister pyramid headed monster which is seemingly impervious to attack. Later on he finds her i nexplicably alive and well before she is again killed on front of him. This pattern repeats itself three times in the game, as James is forced to witness his dead wifes doppelganger murdered in front of him. James receives no explanation for this, or the manner in which Maria seems to share memories of Mary with James; and though she becomes angry when James confuses the two women, it seems that even she confuses herself with Mary. James surmises that Marys special place must be the hotel by the lake and makes his way there. He encounters Laura and Eddie at various times but their conversations reveal little apart from the extent of their mutual confusion. In a prison on the way to the Hotel James meets Eddie in a room full of recently murdered human corpses. This is strange as Silent Hill appears to have been deserted for some time. Eddie has lost his mind, and starts talking about having to kill people for making fun of him. Eddie becomes convinced James is just like all the rest and tries to kill James but fails, losing his own life in the process. James finally reaches the Hotel. A look in the games inventory screen reveals that Marys note has gone blank. This raises the question of whether or not it ever existed. James reaches the room where he and Mary stayed. The room is in perfect condition and is empty apart from a vcr and a television. James inserts a video he found elsewhere in the Hotel and watches in horror at footage of himself putting a pillow over Marys face in her hospital bed. It finally becomes clear- James killed Mary. He sits with his head bowed for some time until Laura enters. We wonder how she made it into the hotel past all of the monsters and traps. James tells Laura he killed Mary. At this point the player realises the origin of James confusion. Mary was dying and James killed her and subsequently blocked out the memory. Now the chronology of the game makes more sense; Mary didnt die but merely got sick three years ago and James killed her much more recently. This explains how Laura had met her not long ago. It transpires that Marys illness badly affected her appearance and demeanour, causing her to lash out at James. This goes some way to explaining why James did what he did. Just before the final boss James again meets Angela. She is consumed by despair and James can do nothing to dissuade her from suicide. James is forced to witness the death of Maria at the hands of pyramid head one last time before proceeding to the roof of the Hotel where an evil incarnation of either Mary or Maria (depending on the players actions during the game) awaits. There are four endings to SH2: 1: In the Leave ending, the woman on the roof is Maria yet again, disguised as Mary in an attempt to trick James. James refuses her and Maria transforms into a monster. After James defeats this Boss Maria, he finds himself by Marys bedside once again. He explains to Mary that he killed her to end her suffering but also selfishly to end his own difficulty in having to care for her. He reads Marys letter in full and then leaves the town with Laura. 2: The in water ending is the same as above except instead of leaving with Laura we hear the sounds of James car driving into a lake. We surmise that he could not live without Mary and chose to drown himself. Marys letter scrolls across a screen with a watery background. 3: In the Maria ending James is reunited with Maria after the fight and the pair leave town together. As he helps her into his car she begins coughing. It seems likely that Maria will fall ill just like Mary did. It could be construed as a punishment for James, or perhaps even a chance of salvation if he sees Marias illness to the end, the way he never did for Mary. 4: The rebirth ending, which can only be unlocked during a replay sees James killing boss Maria, and then taking Marys body out to an island in Toluca Lake via boat. It appears as though he intends to resurrect Mary using various talismans he found in game at the church on the island. SH2, with its multiple endings and abundant ambiguity has no single reading or interpretation. Just as James discovers his own true past after watching the video the player must assemble his/her own definitive narrative based on the events they have witnessed. Many of the events negate each other, or have causes and consequences which are mutually exclusive. These include Marys note which disappears partway through the game, or Marias frequent resurrections. It becomes apparent after some reflection that if SH2 provides an account of these inconsistencies it is not made explicit and its left up to the player to make sense of events. The one theme each one of the endings have in common is that someone along the line in the story, be it Maria or Mary, turns out to be a figment of James imagination. Given that each ending allows for this possibility it seems likely that much of what James has experienced in Silent Hill was a product of his own mind. This reasoning is the only way to bui ld a logical picture of the events of SH2. The best way to examine this theory is to look closer at James encounters with the other characters in the game. The characters in SH2 converse with each other in a disjointed way, as though each inhabits a separate reality which only they have access to. It appears as though the town presents a subjective reality to each person who visits it. It also makes sense to think that each characters reality can only be observed when they meet face to face. The evidence for this is quite strong when one examines how the characters interact. Eddie never once mentions the monsters that threaten James, for him Silent Hill is a place full of people who make fun of him. James never sees any of these people except lying dead in and around Eddie. The town is less dilapidated when we meet Eddie, such as in the apartment room, where sports posters adorn the wall. It is uncertain why Silent Hill drew Eddie to it but his experience there is a failure, he loses his mind and commences slaughtering everyone. His experience of Silent Hill ends when he meets a real person- James, who kills him. Angela provides an even more dramatic example. When James rescues her she is being threatened by a monster that she refers to as daddy. This scene provides a good insight into how the town manifests itself to different people. The room is full of the decor of a domestic living room, even though it occurs in an underground labyrinth. Angela apparently sees Silent Hill through the eyes of her childhood. She saw her father while all James saw was a monster. The last time James meets Angela it is in the burning hallway. This seems to be a representation of how her childhood home burned down. James remarks that its hot as hell in here, while Angela replies You see it too? For me its always like this. The fire only exists when Angela is near; when James leaves the room, the Hotel is back to its damp rotting self. The town seems perfectly normal in the presence of Laura, and this explains how an eight year old girl could run from place to place without being harassed by monsters. In the bowling alley we find Laura and Eddie together eating a pizza. This too is revealing. The silent Hill James experiences is far too old and unsanitary a place to find food in, whereas for Laura and Eddie it appears just ordinary enough to find a pizza. Now we have some idea of how the town works for different people we can make more sense of James experiences. Firstly the chances of Maria being a real person seam dubious. Unlike the other characters in the game Maria is the only one who shares James experiences and can witness the things he can. This is evidence against her existence outside of James imagination, as none of the other characters seem to have any idea what James means when he talks of monsters. Furthermore none of the other characters ever see Maria, and when she and James arrive at the bowling alley she stays outside, away from Laura and Eddie so as not to reveal her illusory nature by appearing on front of people who cannot see her. There is also the more obvious discrepancy of her many deaths and resurrections; the other characters seem much more conventional in this regard. Finally there are the comparisons between Maria and Mary. She has the same body, and appears in the same spot James expects to see Mary- all suggestive of an imaginary Maria hypotheses; a construct of James mind composed of elements of his dead wife. Pyramid head, like all the monsters in SH2, is a further construct of James imagination. He plays a role in that he forces James to face his own guilt by killing the image of his wife before his eyes again and again. James admits this to himself before the final fight with the twin pyramid heads: thats why I needed you, needed someone to punish me for my sins. Interestingly James never actually harms pyramid head during combat. All the encounters with him are survived by endurance rather than by beating him. In the end it is pyramid head that kills himself. So the definitive narrative of SH2 is thus: James, forced to care for what was left of his sick wife, decided to kill her rather than have either of them suffer any longer. Once he had killed her however, he was filled with feelings of guilt and began living in denial, telling himself and others that she had died three years ago. In fact however; he hated himself, and needed to face the truth of what he had done, and so he was drawn to the town of Silent Hill where the forces of the town led him on a journey to face himself. Aesthetically SH2 has a very unified and clear vision of itself. As an audio visual experience the different elements tie together very well and form quite a cohesive feeling game of seamless stylistic integrity. Particular attention was given to the design of the monsters which reflect the nature of James inner turmoil. Apart from pyramid head every monster in SH2 is feminine in nature. Even the indistinguishable humanoid shapes that spit acid have high pitched female voices and long legs. Some of the monster designs have sexual overtones such as the mannequins or the nurses. It seems plausible to read this as a manifestation of James relationship towards womankind since he murdered his wife. It could even be said that the form of the monsters are derived from the nature of Marys disfiguring illness. The sense of atmosphere in SH2 is superbly well crafted. To this end the designers have employed prolific use of heavy fog and darkness to create a fear of progressing forward into the unknown. This is coupled with the use of a noise grain filter that lends an organic feel to the textures and ties in with the static motif reflected in the radio. The noise filter plays tricks on the eye, making walls appear to crawl and adding to the sense of chaos and unease. Every area exhibits a very high level of detail, with various bits of rubbish, graffiti, and detritus creating a thoroughly believable, lived in, (though abandoned) town. The minimal soundtrack is no less appropriate, with Akira Yamaoka opting more for industrial or ambient soundscapes than a conventional soundtrack (although a conventional song was also composed for the game). The imagination displayed in the composition of the soundtrack is impressive. Yamaoka employed very few conventional instruments, instead creating deeply unsettling otherworldly cacophonies of banging iron, bee-hives, saws, miscellaneous improvised percussion, sirens, wild animals, and heavy machinery. It is unfortunate therefore considering the quality of SH2 as an aesthetic experience, to find it marred by the camera. SH2 uses a third person viewpoint at all times with only a miniscule degree of control afforded to the player. The game has a very cinematic attitude to camera placement and as a result the camera is tyrannical in its inflexibility. Examination of the detail in the graphics is forbidden at all times by the camera, which will change position at the drop of a hat to the other side of a room. Though the camera positions are clearly deliberately chosen to lend the game an avant-garde and cinematic veneer they succeed only in hampering movement, increasing combat difficulty and generally detracting from SH2s enjoyment on every level. In conclusion the strength of Silent Hill 2 lies in its ability to tell a compelling and intriguing story while successfully evoking a palpably uneasy atmosphere. SH2 represents an advance in the video game as form, as it redefines the areas in which a game succeeds at entertaining. By all traditional standards the gameplay is uninspired, even tedious at times, yet SH2 remains a deeply affecting and compelling experience. The attention to detail in the feel of the game, along with the subtle, mature, and ambiguous storyline create a game of tremendous artistic unity, which represents a true formal leap in video games. .

Compare and Contrst †Paradise Lost and Balled of Reading Gaol Essay

How do both the poems and the poets relate to the theme ‘Fallen Hero?’ John Milton and Oscar Wilde were two literary figures who crafted many different types of work. Milton was a pamphleteer in mid seventeenth century, who wrote and discussed important matter such as; in defence of liberty, in support of regicides, against episcopacy, divorce, apologist for the Common Wealth. Perhaps the most famous of his pamphlets, was ‘Areopagitica’, this dealt with censorship. Wilde was a playwright in the late nineteenth century. Milton was highly placed in the political world. He was sentenced to prison, for being a republican when monarchy returned to Britain. He was however bailed out by a friend, and after facing his sentence in gaol he wrote Paradise Lost referring to a ‘Fallen Hero’ which is possibly the best piece of English literature ever written. Paradise Lost, his most famous poem that was first published in 1867 in ten books. Wilde was one of the most popular celebrities of his time. He was sentenced to two years imprisonment and hard labour in Reading Gaol. He was sent to gaol after he was accused by the Marquis of Queensbury of homosexual offences. He then regrettably took his libel case to court, and lost his case. The case attracted much publicity in 1895 which destroyed Wilde’s reputation. Unlike Milton, he was a wrecked person after his sentence, and felt he had to move to France; and it was there he wrote ‘The Ballad of Reading Gaol’. In the following essay, I shall be comparing and contrasting this poem with two excerpts from his Milton’s poem. Both poets have written about a form of captivity that can be described as hell or hell on earth. In Wilde’s case he describes gaol as being a hell on earth, in Milton’s case however, he describes the protagonist, as being in the actual hell. Milton’s principal character, Lucifer, was the archangel of Heaven and serving for God. However Lucifer; wanted more power, he believed he was equal to God. He instigated a rebellion, and fought God, and was defeated in the battle. As a result: â€Å"Him the almighty Power Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky† (line 45) Lucifer with his fellow rebels, were thrown out of Heaven into the Chaos of Hell. â€Å"Nine times the space that measures day and night† (line 50) This Hell was the deepest, darkest, most dreadful part of the Universe. Satan is thrown into the Hell that Milton describes: â€Å"Fiery gulf† (line 52)†¦ â€Å"One great furnace flame† (line 62)†¦ â€Å"Regions of sorrow† They were left to perish in agony. Lucifer was from then on known as Satan. He was the ‘Fallen Hero’ in Milton’s epic poem. Wilde however described the tortures of gaol, illustrating how hellish they were. In his poem he writes about a soldier, Trooper Charles Thomas Wooldridge being charged with murder by slitting his wife’s throat with a razor. This is an example of a fallen hero. However; I believe Wilde can also be seen as a ‘Fallen Hero’. He portrayed his own situation through the imagery of the soldier as a metaphor for his condition in his poem. He fell from the height of his popularity, in 1895 to degradation and never recovered. He was so ashamed of his humiliation that although Wilde never hid his authorship of the poem, it was published under the name ‘C.3.3.’, which stood for building C, floor 3, cell 3, at Reading. Wilde speaking of his hell on earth says: â€Å"The wall is strong; And that each day is like a year, A year whose days are long.† (Verse 1) The differences between Wilde’s hell and Milton’s hell are that Milton’s hell is open for Satan to run free. â€Å"Here at least We shall be free; the Almighty hath not built Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: Here we may reign secure† (line 258) Satan feels now he is out of God’s hand, he is free and has more power than ever. God will not be able to touch Satan and Beelzebub were they are, and Satan will â€Å"reign secure† (line 261) In Wilde’s poem, he describes his hell as a confined, claustrophobic area, where nobody has freedom. They are: â€Å"Each in his separate Hell,† (verse 10) Each prisoner is deprived of, senses, confrontation, food and water. Society which has locked them up, acts as God. Society is the law, and law is not always right: â€Å"I know not whether Laws be right, Or whether Laws be wrong;† (verse 1) The word Law in this poem, has a capitol L this is to personify the word, and raises the word law from guidance, into a high power. The quote is saying Law, which is society, perhaps is judging mistakenly. The next quote highlights this fact: â€Å"But straws the wheat and saves the chaff† (verse 2) This quote is a play on the saying ‘Separate the wheat and chaff’. The saying means to distinguish the good from the bad, the precious from the worthless. This saying literally occurred regularly in the ancient agricultural practice of winnowing. This is said in the Bible: ‘Whose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.’ (Matthew 3:12) In Wilde’s poem, he says that more bad people are not imprisoned, than good people are imprisoned. The Satan in Milton’s poem intended to be the ‘Fallen Hero’? I believe he is the anti-God or anti-hero. If this is the case, I believe Satan is not a hero, but is a character that consists of many heroic qualities; â€Å"A mind not to be changed by place or time. The mind is its own place, and in itself Can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven.† This shows Satan’s determination and resilience. He will not change his mind. The reader respects Satan’s energy, resilience, bravery, not concerned of what evil archfiend has these traits. Satan is able to see what power he still has, he now has a land of his own, which he will make a Heaven, and he will believe God’s Heaven to be a Hell. Nobody appreciates Satan’s heroic qualities as much as Milton. Satan’s passionate and ambitious character is more intriguing than God’s reasonable and mild personality. Milton has sculpted the character of Satan to be a desirable character in the beginning to represent the temptation man faces when dealing with the devil. As in The Fall of Adam and Eve, Eve resists into the temptation of the Devil, and brings sin into the world. This is the beginning of the Devil’s war against God and this is what Milton’s Epic is about to answer the earlier question, although William Blake said memorably in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell in 1790: â€Å"Milton†¦was a true poet, and of the Devil’s party without Knowing it† Milton was a strong puritan and would never allow an evil character to become the true hero. There is a big difference between both focal characters in the two poems. As I mentioned before, we admire Satan’s heroism in spite of what mars him. The word marred is also used in Wilde’s poem: â€Å"And by all forgot, we rot and rot, With soul and body marred† In Milton’s case Satan’s actions are marred, and his persona is as gallant as ever. However in Wilde’s poem he describes the prisoner’s soul, body and persona marred. The soldier and Wilde are completely decrepit, and destroyed. Satan does not give up; he keeps on going determined to defeat God. â€Å"What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable will, An the study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit of yield:† (line 105) Even once Satan has lost the battle, he feels, he is finally free from God’s slavery. This a big difference between Satan and Wilde, Wilde gave up. Satan has the ability to look at the bright side of the situation: â€Å"This downfall; since by fate the strength of gods† (line 116) â€Å"This the seat That we must change for heaven, this mournful gloom For that celestial light?† (Line 244) â€Å"With rallied arms to try what may yet Regained in heaven, or what more lost in hell?† (line 269) Satan in this situation believes that losing this battle was an act of a fate. Being defeated, in the long run, was a good thing. The battle was worth the risk of ruling heaven, even if it resulted in a loss and being thrown into hell. â€Å"Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven.† Fate has led Satan to have a land of his own to rule. It is best to have power in a land of vice, than to be under slavery in a land of good. â€Å"In arms not worse, in foresight mush advance. We may with more successful hope resolve To wage by force or guile eternal war Irreconcilable to our grand Foe,† Satan and his henchman, Beelzebub, feel after they were defeated they feel they can fight back by learning from their mistakes. They will approach the war not by strength, but by intelligence. They learned God’s foremost weapon was thunder. â€Å"Who thunder hath made greater?† (Line 258) Although Satan lost his battle against God he can still win the war. The primary difference between the two poems is the determination of the two Fallen Heroes Satan has resilience to fight back and defeat the omnipotent; however Wilde allowed society, which was his omnipotent to crush him. Milton managed to write this poem as a result of his return into society he fought back, and was able to write about the positives of his fall. Wilde however, took a vast piece out of him, and was only able to write about the negatives of his experience. I believe, if Milton had been trampled to the same extent of Wilde, he would not have been able to write the best piece of literature ever. Similarly, if Wilde was not hit at such an degree, he would have been able to write about the encouraging points of his life. Milton and Wilde differ in such a way; it is difficult to contrast the two poets. However being able to see the difference in manner of literature, after different levels of crushing by society, enables you to see the true Fallen Heroes; Milton and Wilde.